21st Century U.S. Military Manuals: Multiservice Procedures for Survival, Evasion, and Recovery - FM 21-76-1 - Camouflage, Concealment, Navigation (Value-Added Professional Format Series)
U.S. Army, U.S. Military, Department of Defense
Smashwords Edition
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SURVIVAL, EVASION, AND RECOVERY
MULTISERVICE PROCEDURES FOR SURVIVAL, EVASION, AND RECOVERY
FM 21-76-1 * MCRP 3-02H * NWP 3-50.3 * AFTTP(I) 3-2.26
JUNE 1999
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QUICK REFERENCE CHECKLIST
Decide to Survive!
S - Size up the situation, surroundings, physical condition, equipment.
U - Use all your senses
R - Remember where you are.
V - Vanquish fear and panic.
I - Improvise and improve.
V - Value living.
A - Act like the natives.
L - Live by your wits.
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1. Immediate Actions
a. Assess immediate situation. THINK BEFORE YOU ACT!
b. Take action to protect yourself from nuclear, biological, or chemical hazards (Chapter IX).
c. Seek a concealed site.
d. Assess medical condition; treat as necessary (Chapter V).
e. Sanitize uniform of potentially compromising information.
f. Sanitize area; hide equipment you are leaving.
g. Apply personal camouflage.
h. Move away from concealed site, zigzag pattern recommended.
i. Use terrain to advantage, communication, and concealment.
j. Find a hole-up site.
2. Hole-Up-Site (Chapter I)
a. Reassess situation; treat injuries, then inventory equipment.
b. Review plan of action; establish priorities (Chapter VI).
c. Determine current location.
d. Improve camouflage.
e. Focus thoughts on task(s) at hand.
f. Execute plan of action. Stay flexible!
Recommend inclusion of this manual in the aviator's survival vest.
3. Concealment (Chapter I)
a. Select a place of concealment providing—
(1) Adequate concealment, ground and air.
(2) Safe distance from enemy positions and lines of communications (LOC).
(3) Listening and observation points.
(4) Multiple avenues of escape.
(5) Protection from the environment.
(6) Possible communications/signaling opportunities.
b. Stay alert, maintain security.
c. Drink water.
4. Movement (Chapters I and II)
a. Travel slowly and deliberately.
b. DO NOT leave evidence of travel; use noise and light discipline.
c. Stay away from LOC.
d. Stop, look, listen, and smell; take appropriate action(s).
e. Move from one concealed area to another.
f. Use evasion movement techniques (Chapter I).
5. Communications and Signaling (Chapter III)
a. Communicate as directed in applicable plans/orders, particularly when considering transmitting in the blind.
b. Be prepared to use communications and signaling devices on short notice.
c. Use of communications and signaling devices may compromise position.
6. Recovery (Chapter IV)
a. Select site(s) IAW criteria in theater recovery plans.
b. Ensure site is free of hazards; secure personal gear.
c. Select best area for communications and signaling devices.
d. Observe site for proximity to enemy activity and LOC.
e. Follow recovery force instructions.
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THE CODE OF CONDUCT
ARTICLE I
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
ARTICLE II
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
ARTICLE III
If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
ARTICLE IV
If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way.
ARTICLE V
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.
ARTICLE VI
I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.
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Chapter 1
EVASION
1. Planning
a. Review the quick reference checklist on the inside cover.
b. Guidelines for successful evasion include-
(1) Keeping a positive attitude.
(2) Using established procedures.
(3) Following your evasion plan of action.
(4) Being patient.
(5) Drinking water (DO NOT eat food without water).
(6) Conserving strength for critical periods.
(7) Resting and sleeping as much as possible.
(8) Staying out of sight.
c. The following odors stand out and may give an evader away:
(1) Scented soaps and shampoos.
(2) Shaving cream, after-shave lotion, or other cosmetics.
(3) Insect repellent (camouflage stick is least scented).
(4) Gum and candy (smell is strong or sweet).
(5) Tobacco (odor is unmistakable).
d. Where to go (initiate evasion plan of action):
(1) Near a suitable area for recovery.
(2) Selected area for evasion.
(3) Neutral or friendly country or area.
(4) Designated area for recovery.
2. Camouflage
a. Basic principles:
(1) Disturb the area as little as possible.
(2) Avoid activity that reveals movement to the enemy.
(3) Apply personal camouflage.
b. Camouflage patterns (Figure
(1) Blotch pattern.
(a) Temperate deciduous (leaf shedding) areas.
(b) Desert areas (barren).
(c) Snow (barren).
(2) Slash pattern.
(a) Coniferous areas (broad slashes).
(b) Jungle areas (broad slashes).
(c) Grass (narrow slashes).
(3) Combination. May use blotched and slash together.
c. Personal camouflage application follows:
(1) Face. Use dark colors on high spots and light colors on any remaining exposed areas. Use a hat, netting, or mask if available.
(2) Ears. The insides and the backs should have 2 colors to break up outlines.
(3) Head, neck, hands, and the under chin. Use scarf, collar, vegetation, netting, or coloration methods.
(4) Light colored hair. Give special attention to conceal with a scarf or mosquito head net.
d. Position and movement camouflage follows:
(1) Avoid unnecessary movement.
(2) Take advantage of natural concealment:
(a) Cut foliage fades and wilts, change regularly.
(b) Change camouflage depending on the surroundings.