HD HD Key Points:
1.
What is it?
2. What are the Types and Causes of Diabetes?
3.
What are the Signs of Diabetes?
4. How is it diagnosed?
5.
Diabetes Food Pyramid-What kind of food should I eat as a diabetic
person?
6. Effects and Complications of Diabetes
7. Dental,
Kidney, And Nerve Problems of Diabetes
8. Gestational Diabetes-
Diabetes in Pregnancy
9. Will Gestational Diabetes affect my
labor or my baby in a harmful way?
10. Various Diabetes Record
Sheets like Blood Glucose level, My ABCs Record, Food and Physical
Activity Record Sheet
Table of Contents
How are diabetes and pre-diabetes diagnosed? 12
1. Fasting plasma glucose test 12
2. Oral glucose tolerance test 12
3. Random plasma glucose test 12
How much should I eat each day? 14
Diabetes and Dental Disease 17
Diabetes and Kidney Problems 18
Why do some women get gestational diabetes? 20
What if I don’t get treated for gestational diabetes? 20
How Diabetes Can Affect You and Your Baby 21
Will Gestational Diabetes Hurt My Baby? 22
Will Gestational Diabetes Affect My Labor or Delivery? 23
How do I Know if I’m at Risk of Gestational Diabetes? 24
Maintain a Healthy Weight Gain: 26
My Daily Blood Glucose Record 29
How does diabetic retinopathy cause vision loss? 36
Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy 37
Types
of Diabetic Neuropathy
40
High blood glucose from diabetes causes two problems that can hurt your feet: 41
What are the complications of gastroparesis? 42
Glucose Monitoring Record Sheet 46
Self Checks of Blood Glucose 47
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Diabetes
Introduction
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism—the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy.
It is defined as a group of syndromes which occur as a result of increase in the blood glucose level (Hypoglycemia) due to relative or absolute lack of insulin.
Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body.
After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach.
When we eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into our cells. In people with diabetes, however, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body in the urine. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of glucose.
There are two main types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.
|
Type 1 diabetes |
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease results when the body’s system for fighting infection (the immune system) turns against a part of the body. In diabetes, the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The pancreas then produces little or no insulin. A person who has type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to live. |
|
Type 2 diabetes |
The most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. About 90 to 95 percent of people with diabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is most often associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. When type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, the pancreas is usually producing enough insulin, but for unknown reasons the body cannot use the insulin effectively, a condition called insulin resistance. After several years, insulin production decreases. The result is the same as for type 1 diabetes—glucose builds up in the blood and the body cannot make efficient use of its main source of fuel. |